美國聯邦最高法院於2014年6月在Alice v. CLS Bank一案,對軟體的專利適格性(patent eligibility)做出重要判決。許多事務所與網站對於判決的結果與影響都已經有很詳細的分析,在此就不再贅述。在此判決中原告Alice的專利主要有四篇(5,970,479、6,912,510、7,149,720、7,725,375),其中代表性的專利為美國專利第5,970,479號的申請專利範圍第33項:

33. A method of exchanging  obligations as between parties, each  party holding a credit record and a  debit record with an exchange institution, the credit records and debit records for exchange of predetermined obligations,  the method comprising the steps of: 

  (a) creating a shadow credit record and a shadow debit record for each stakeholder party  to be held independently by a supervisory institution from the exchange institutions;

  (b) obtaining from each exchange institution a start-of-day balance for each shadow  credit record and shadow debit record;

  (c) for  every transaction resulting in an exchange obligation, the supervisory  institution adjusting each respective party's shadow credit record or shadow  debit record, allowing only these transactions that do not result in the value  of the shadow debit record being less than the value of the shadow credit  record at any time, each said adjustment taking place in chronological order;  and

  (d) at  the end-of-day, the supervisory institution instructing ones of the exchange  institutions to exchange credits or debits to the credit record and debit  record of the respective parties in accordance with the adjustments of the said  permitted transactions, the credits and debits being irrevocable, time  invariant obligations placed on the exchange institutions.

  這是篇商業方法的專利,講述的內容大概需要商科背景的人才看得懂吧,但是內容中並沒有很明顯地提到一個硬體。在ALICE判例之前,在商業方法或軟體專利的撰寫時,通常在申請專利範圍內通常會加入一個硬體以免落入U.S.C. 101有關於專利適格性的核駁。看起來可以當作硬體的有兩個elements: exchange institution與supervisory institution,但這兩個elements都無法很明顯的看出是否為電腦實體。雖然此專利的標題與發明內容都說本篇專利是有關於電腦與資料處理系統,但是看起來偏向於商業方法的保護,在專利訴訟中就會存在爭議。在此判決結果後,商業方法的訴訟明顯的降低許多,商業方法的申請專利範圍也不再允許寫得那麼抽象。商業方法或軟體的專利需要更明確的說明如何應用電腦(資料結構、處理器等)來達到某種功效,不然很容易落入U.S.C. 101有關於專利適格性的核駁。在此案例之前,美國的商業方法與軟體專利應該是認定最寬鬆的國家之一(應該是唯一,但是話不敢說那麼滿),有了此案例,很多商業方法的專利都已經被判無效。爾後的專利,若以類似型態申請,遭到核駁的機率會很高,因此在專利範圍內應明確寫明如何應用實體來達到此方法或效果,獲取專利的機率才會較高,但能否在訴訟中獲勝,那又是另外一回事了。